David Urmann is an entrepreneur and avid traveler. He keeps an authoritative expertise on many subjects including SEO, SEM, UI/UX Optimization. An avid traveler and a guide book writer Dr. Urmann is the founder of Touristlink.com one of the world's most active social travel networks.

He's a graduate of Ohio State University and holds a PhD in paleoclimatology. He spends about half his time in India and the other half in Salt Lake City.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1

• Introduction to Pacific Climate Variability

• The ENSO Phenomena Introduction
• Introduction to ENSO Phenomena
• A brief history of the study of ENSO
• ENSO components and progression: the SO, SSTs, and Walker Circulation
• Defining ENSO events
• The history of ENSO variability for the past 1,000 years
• The response of ENSO to climate change
• Interannual climate variability in the North Pacific
• The Aleutian Low
• Late Holocene reconstructions of the Aleutian Low
• The Pacific North American pattern
• Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
• Tropical-extratropical interactions (PDO vs. IPO variability)
• PDO variability during the last millennium
• Siberian High-East Asian winter monsoon
• Arctic Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation
• Reconstructions of the NAO/AO
• Climate Regimes-A unifying concept

Chapter 2

• The Bona Churchill Ice Core

• Abstract
• Introduction and background of The Bona Churchill Ice Core
• The Bona Churchill Ice Cores: field work lab analysis
• The Bona Churchill Ice Cores: laboratory analysis
• Climatology of the St. Elias Region, Alaska
• Reconstructions of Alaska climate change
• Overview of Alaska
• The onset of the Neoglacial
• The Medieval Warm Period (MWP)
• The LIA
• Recent climate change in Alaska
• Timeline verification and development
• Identifying annual and seasonal markers in BC1
• The 1963 peak in ?- and 3H
• Volcanic events as time horizons
• The White River ash
• Background of The White River
• White River Ash and the BC1 Record
• Defining annual and seasonal cycles in BC1
• Development of a seasonal composite
• Timing of the seasonal peak in dust
• Seasonal divisions
• Comparisons and reproducibility of results
• Short and long cores: the first 10 meters
• The two long cores: a 114 m comparison
• The development of the accumulation record
• Calibration, time series, and seasonal composites
• Introduction of seasonal composites
• Regional precipitation and temperature data sets
• Calibration of accumulation
• Accumulation time series summary
• Calibration of the d-excess record
• Time series summary and seasonal cycles
• Calibration of d18O and dust
• Time series summary and seasonal cycle of d18O
• Time series summary of dust
• Nitrate overview
• Nitrate overview Time series
• Nitrate overview Seasonal cycle
• Calcium overview: time series and seasonal cycle
• Magnesium overview: time series and seasonal cycle
• Chloride overview
• Chloride overview Time series
• Chloride overview Seasonal cycle
• Sodium overview: time series and seasonal cycle
• Sulfate overview: time series and seasonal cycle
• Ammonium overview: time series and seasonal cycle
• Potassium overview
• Potassium overview Time series
• Potassium overview Seasonal cycle
• Discussion and results
• Introduction: interactions between the AO/AL
• The 1960s dust event: evidence of the AL/AO connection
• A regime shift in the 1920s: evidence of an AO-modulated signal
• Dust and d18O: paleothermometers or records of AO/AL variability?
• Conditions associated with pre-1960 dust events in BC1
• Comparisons of BC1 with other regional climate records
• Dust and Yukon tree ring records: a shared AO signal
• The Mount Logan Ice Core
• The Mount Wrangell Ice Core
• Eclipse Ice Core
• Conclusions